Unit 2: Incoterms 2000 - Six Major Trade Terms
7 U" } ]+ w5 C, A! N+ yFOB – FREE ON BOARD (…named port of shipment)
9 C: J! ]9 T. a& b “Free on Board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the $ K, ~) Q L! G8 z
ship’s rail (越过船舷) at the named port of shipment (指定装运港). This means
9 q0 N w; n) n$ b! ~# \/ n8 N7 ~that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage (货物灭失及; S; u! b1 x! }9 ~- m% @1 J E
损坏的风险和费用) to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the 0 m9 ^% b& E( S6 ^" h! ~/ W9 k7 L' F
seller to clear the goods for export (办理货物出口清关). This term can be used K, m8 W6 f5 b0 Z, ]# [0 m: W
only for sea or inland waterway transport (海洋或内河运输).& H. _# ]" c9 ?+ m @) ]9 E
10. 句子:
8 D" ~1 u r% b6 v/ v5 Z' h This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or " U+ F+ S" e2 g+ A! H/ u- l
damage to the goods from that point. 句中:) L( L! w% P. O, ^& s# V# F3 ^
10.1 bear = to support (a load or weight): 承担, 负担.) [+ _; _: B- [$ h4 E$ B; p
10.2 from that point9 q/ {1 D( g& g6 g" c% I
在教材的 p17 注释10中, 我们还发现有这样一些词:
1 Z1 e" o+ h) z port 港口
9 N/ k L8 D/ t/ @ place 地点) U. m _# @ Y- x- A/ W2 x
point 点(INCOTERMS实指“具体地点”)
* W2 l. [ F* H* B+ r1 } premise 所在地(INCOTERMS实指“场所”) ?3 {& x; M& r, W( A# b
说明: 3 N4 ^% _8 _7 Y
关于货物应当交付的地点,进出口商对货物交付时责任、费用、风险划分
+ p4 p( s: t% Z 等,《通则》使用了不同的表述:/ Q: o. [* \8 P+ @
在仅适用海运和内河运输方式的术语时,使用“港口”名称,即 port;其他: K% H' Y/ p f
情况下的使用地点,即 place.尤其 FCA, 当有必要指明港口或地点内的
+ C* [+ J: D3 Z+ \: A$ K 某一“具体地点”时, 用 point, 而且卖方要提供交通工具.当交付货物的, d) x, J$ d$ N! \* l. R2 t
具体地点是卖方的所在地时, 用 premise. 此时,卖方无义务提供交通1 A, W. ~ p" ~9 t; q9 Y# V$ _
工具, 但卖方有装载货物的义务.
; A( h/ Y9 a0 m11. 句子: The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
* _/ Y/ y+ ^% Q9 V require = order, demand “要求,规定”, 正式用语,常用被动语态, 常用的搭配有:
* V* p. t0 l9 G require sth (of sb), & i5 W1 Y t# `" E4 G
require sb to do sth,
! p& T; ?- }9 [+ x6 R require that + 从句,
1 ]1 o" g5 Z, B0 J12. 句子: This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 句中:* i. q2 c& S0 j
12.1 inland 由前缀“-in”加 land 构成, 其中:5 T' `0 R! D: [
(1) -in = in or into (内,入内,在内). 再举一例: inside
$ F9 @5 B, J/ M5 _ a! i# w7 S (2) inland 基本上有两个意思:
) _2 l. x; E: D g0 i n9 d v 内地的,内陆的. 例如: inland towns (内陆城市)) G0 h5 _8 K' b& E+ v- x
国内的. 例如: inland trades (国内贸易): i) {$ t- E( i! M/ P* H
12.2 waterway : 水路,航道,航路. ` \0 a! p8 M4 h' w2 s
railway: 铁路,铁道$ R) N# C- c& m
roadway: 车道
2 ]. v( `( c: }- U! B1 t3 Z2 z$ i highway: 公路,大道. {" {* i; S! o% ?3 ?
subway: 地铁,通道
7 e- Y/ U8 k! k {/ ` airway: 航线
2 M# b5 y; ^: c v/ N 从这些词中我们是不是发现一些规律了呢?. |1 t. D6 h& a! L& T1 J) v) W A
|